If you have any pragma config statements in your application, those go into the configuration registers. Without actually seeing your application the best suggestion I can give is to look at your map file and see what addresses are allocated.
If you take a look Figure , on the right is the physical memory map. First, those "shaded" areas don't physically exist at all. Second, on any PIC32MX family chips, as far as a hex file is concerned, you only have internal program flash and internal boot flash. They are not in a contiguous memory space, aren't they? So holes are expected. Boot Flash and configuration words are very important part of PIC32 processor.
Reset vector, bootstraping exception vectors, debug executives are all in the Boot Flash. Configuration words are constantly verified by the CPU. They control things CPU speed, peripheral bus speed, watchdog, etc. I can't find anything that tells me how to read this file, so I'm not sure what I'm looking for. I can't upload my entire map file, but I think these are the relevant sections.
Is there something in the map file that might indicate why the two different utilities output different binaries? Attachment s map. Like I said above, I understand the memory layout. Maybe this is where the disconnect is coming from for me: Isn't the boot flash for the bootloader, and program flash for the program?
Why would my program hex file, which runs fine with the bootloader, include boot flash addresses and the empty addresses between boot flash and program flash? As a test if I load the program using the debugger without loading the bootloader, the debugger gets lost and the program doesn't execute, which would seem to indicate that loading the program does not overwrite boot flash and so does not contain data for those addresses.
I don't understand what you mean by configuration words being constantly "verfiied. Is there anyway to not include them? What is the reason for this discrepancy? That's because the Intel hex format is not simply a binary file translated to hexadecimal, there is more information present. HEX represents. BTW as the.
HEX is created in the first place by doing an avr-objcopy from the. ELF you can simply cut out the middleman and ask for that to be binary straight away if you prefer. Skip to main content. Log in or register to post comments. Go To Last Post. Level: New Member. This option tells objcopy to change the leading character of every symbol when it converts between object file formats. If the object file formats use the same leading character, this option has no effect.
Otherwise, it will add a character, or remove a character, or change a character, as appropriate. If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading character used by the object file format, remove the character. The most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be useful if you want to link together objects of different file formats with different conventions for symbol names.
This is different from --change-leading-char because it always changes the symbol name when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output file. Reverse the bytes in a section with output contents. A section length must be evenly divisible by the value given in order for the swap to be able to take place. Reversing takes place before the interleaving is performed. This option is used typically in generating ROM images for problematic target systems. For example, on some target boards, the bit words fetched from 8-bit ROMs are re-assembled in little-endian byte order regardless of the CPU byte order.
Depending on the programming model, the endianness of the ROM may need to be modified. Consider a simple file with a section containing the following eight bytes: Meaningful only for srec output. Set the maximum length of the Srecords being produced to ival. This length covers both address, data and crc fields.
Change the name of a symbol old , to new. This can be useful when one is trying link two things together for which you have no source, and there are name collisions. Apply --redefine-sym to each symbol pair " old new " listed in the file filename. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character. Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. This can be useful when building an object which will be linked against other objects using the -R option to the linker.
This option is only effective when using an object file format which supports weak symbols. Apply --keep-symbol option to each symbol listed in the file filename. Apply --strip-symbol option to each symbol listed in the file filename. Apply --strip-unneeded-symbol option to each symbol listed in the file filename.
Apply --keep-global-symbol option to each symbol listed in the file filename. Apply --localize-symbol option to each symbol listed in the file filename.
Apply --globalize-symbol option to each symbol listed in the file filename. Apply --weaken-symbol option to each symbol listed in the file filename. If the output architecture has alternate machine codes, use the index th code instead of the default one. This is useful in case a machine is assigned an official code and the tool-chain adopts the new code, but other applications still depend on the original code being used.
Mark the output text as writable. Make the output text write protected. Mark the output file as demand paged. Creates a. Note: the file at path-to-file must exist. Part of the process of adding the. If the debug info file is built in one location but it is going to be installed at a later time into a different location then do not use the path to the installed location.
The --add-gnu-debuglink option will fail because the installed file does not exist yet. Instead put the debug info file in the current directory and use the --add-gnu-debuglink option without any directory components, like this:. At debug time the debugger will attempt to look for the separate debug info file in a set of known locations. The exact set of these locations varies depending upon the distribution being used, but it typically includes:.
As long as the debug info file has been installed into one of these locations before the debugger is run everything should work correctly. When stripping a file, perhaps with --strip-debug or --strip-unneeded , retain any symbols specifying section names, which would otherwise get stripped. When stripping a file, perhaps with --strip-debug or --strip-unneeded , retain any symbols specifying source file names, which would otherwise get stripped.
Strip a file, removing contents of any sections that would not be stripped by --strip-debug and leaving the debugging sections intact. In ELF files, this preserves all note sections in the output. Note - the section headers of the stripped sections are preserved, including their sizes, but the contents of the section are discarded. The section headers are preserved so that other tools can match up the debuginfo file with the real executable, even if that executable has been relocated to a different address space.
The intention is that this option will be used in conjunction with --add-gnu-debuglink to create a two part executable. One a stripped binary which will occupy less space in RAM and in a distribution and the second a debugging information file which is only needed if debugging abilities are required.
The suggested procedure to create these files is as follows:. Note—the choice of. Also the --only-keep-debug step is optional. You could instead do this:. It does not have to be a file created by the --only-keep-debug switch.
Note—this switch is only intended for use on fully linked files. It does not make sense to use it on object files where the debugging information may be incomplete.
This option is intended for use by the compiler as part of the -gsplit-dwarf option, which splits debug information between the. The compiler generates all debug information in the same file, then uses the --extract-dwo option to copy the.
See the --strip-dwo option for more information. Specify the file alignment. Sections in the file will always begin at file offsets which are multiples of this number. This defaults to Specify the number of bytes of memory to reserve and optionally commit to be used as heap for this program.
Use value as the base address of your program or dll. This is the lowest memory location that will be used when your program or dll is loaded. To reduce the need to relocate and improve performance of your dlls, each should have a unique base address and not overlap any other dlls.
0コメント